Jew is a term that refers to a religion or ethnicity. As a religion, this term refers to peoplewho are Jewish. Based on ethnicity, this word refers to the descendants of Eber (Genesis 10:21) "Shem, the older brother of Japheth, also had sons. Shem was ancestor to all the children of Eber." or Jacob, son of Isaac, the son of Abraham (Ibrahim) and Sarah. Ethnic Jews include Jews who are not Jewish but Jewish identity in terms of tradition.
" Verily We have revealed to thee as We revealed to Noah and the prophets who were later,and we have given revelation (also) to Abraham, Isma'il, Isaac, Jacob and the tribes, Jesus,Job, Jonah, Aaron and Solomon. And We gave the Psalms to David. "
Judaism is a combination of religion and ethnicity. Judaism is discussed further in the article Judaism; this article discusses only in terms of ethnicity alone. Trust solely in the Jewish religion does not make someone become Jewish. In addition, by not holding to the principles of the Jewish religion does not make a Jew loses his Jewish status. However, the definition of Jewish law does not include the Jewish kingdom of Israel who embrace other religions.
The word Jew is taken according to one clan of the twelve Tribes of Israel ancestors of the most offspring, namely Judah. Judah is one of 12 sons of Jacob, a prophet who lived around the 18th century BC and the degree of Israel. The whole derivative of the 12 sons of Jacob (Israel) was known as the Children of Israel (a direct descendant of Israel) whichlater evolved into a major called the Tribe of Israel.
After centuries of Jewish derivatives evolve into the dominant and the majority of the Israelites, so called Jews are not only referring to the people of Judah derivative, but refersto all the derivatives of Israel (Jacob).
" And We bestowed Isaac and Jacob to him. To both of them have guided us, and to Noahbefore that (also) have guided us, and to the party of the offspring (Noah), namely David,Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses and Aaron. Thus do We reward those who do good. "
At first the Jews only consists of one family group among many groups of families that live in soil Kan'an in the 18th century BC. When there is famine in Kan'an, they went looking for food to Egypt, which has adequate food supplies thanks to the role of Joseph. Due to the high position of Joseph in Hyksos Dynasty, Egypt, all family members jacob well received in Egypt and even given farmland in the northeastern part of Egypt.
In the end the whole nation Misrael, regardless of national or homeland, also known as Jews and adherents of his doctrine nor may the whole called by the same name.
" And I'm a follower of the religion of my fathers Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Nor is fitting forus (the Prophet) ascribe anything to God. Such is the gift of God to us and to mankind (all), but most people do not appreciate (his). "
- Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazim are the plural rather than 'Ashkenaz' אשׁכנזי from Hebrew meaning "German". In Hebrew, also known אשׁכנזים form. This means European Jews, mainly from Eastern Europe, the language they usually areYiddish. Nowadays the Ashkenazim in Europe was nearly extinct, they are widely found in the United States and Israel.
The Ashkenazim, as a people who pretty much sealed the disease derivatives. But one of the hereditary disease associated with brain disease, making them have the highest IQ scores in the world. Surprisingly genetically Palestinians have a closer genetic relationship with the Ashkenazim compared with the Jews in the Middle East.
- Sefardim
Sefardim (Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Tiberian Səfardi Səp̄arədî; plural ספרדים, Standard Tiberian Səfaradim Səp̄arədîm) is a subgroup of Jews originating from the Iberian Peninsula, which are usually distinguished by Ashkenazi Jews.
Sefardim is the plural form of "Sefard", which means "Spain". This word is used to refer to Jews who came from Iberia (now Portugal and Spain), including their descendants who were ordered to leave Spain when the Catholic rulers Ferdinand and Isabella took again out of the hands of the Muslims of North African Arabs who freed Spain in 711 AD Finkelstein, this deportation order (made a law in the Alhambra Decree in 1492), or from Portugal by order of King Manuel I in 1497. In modern times, the term is also used for Jews who may not be born as a Sefardi (or even non-Jewish) but attend worship in every synagogue Sefardis Sefardi tradition and practice. Now there are about 12,000 Jews in Spain and 500 in Portugal.
- Mizrahim
Mizrahim, "mizrakh means the east" (in Hebrew for "him" is in plural form). Mizrahim or people from the east, which meant people from the east is the Jewish tribes in ancient times evolved / mutated / living in the eastern region (such as countries in the Middle East, northern Africa, central Asia, India, and a small part in East Asia, which still has a blood relationship, or of Jewish descent to the present.
" And your Lord knows best who is (are) in the heavens and the earth. And verily We havepreferred some prophets over some (other), and We gave the Psalms to David. "
17. Al Israa' 55
Kingdom of Israel
According to the Bible, before the united kingdom, the tribes of Israel to live in a confederation of twelve tribes. In about 1025 BC, under threat from strangers, the tribes are united to form the Kingdom of Israel United. Samuel anointed Saul as king of the tribe of Benjamin, their first in 1020's BC, but in the mastery of his successor, David's in the year 1000 BC, the kingdom of Israel united into a powerful empire.
David, King of Israel the second (or third if Ishbosheth calculated), establishing Jerusalem as the national capital 3,000 years ago. Previously, Hebron is the capital of David's Judah and Mahanaim capital of Israel under Ishbosheth, and before that Gibeah was the capital of United Kingdom under Saul.
David actually succeeded in uniting the tribes of Israel and establish a government of the monarchy. He managed to strengthen the military campaign against Israel's enemies and beat with a fierce enemies like the Philistines, forms the boundary of defense for Israel. Under King David, Israel grew into a force in the region. Under the dynasty of David, the kingdom of Israel united to achieve prosperity and superiority over its neighbors.
Around the year 930 BC the country was split into two kingdoms: Israel (including the city of Shechem and Samaria) in the north and Judah (including Jerusalem) in the south.
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