This war broke out because the Greek and Jewish religious tension, which then develop into opposition to taxes and the attack on the Roman population. The war ended after the Roman legions besieged and destroyed the center of the uprising in Jerusalem, and conquer other Jewish fortresses.
Bar Kokhba war (132-135 CE) against the Roman Empire, also known as the Second Jewish-Roman War or the Second Jewish Revolt (of three Jewish-Roman War), is the second major rebellion by the Jews from Iudaea. Other sources call it the Third Revolution, as well as calculated riots 115-117, Kitos War, which was suppressed by General Quintus Lucius Quietus who ruled the province at that time.
Roman rule continued until the outbreak of rebellion in 66-70, which ended with the capture of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Temple, the center of national life and religious Jews around the world. After this catastrophe, Judea formed a separate Roman province, led by an official representative of government, first as a "pro prætore," and later, "pro consule," which is also the commander of the army of occupation. Total destruction of Jerusalem, and the construction of a number of Greek and Roman settlements in Judea, the Romans showed an open plan to prevent the political regeneration of the Jewish state.
At that time, Christianity was still a small sect of Judaism, and most historians believe that the messianic claims given to the Bar Kokhba is what alienates many Christians (who believe that the true messiah is Jesus), and sharply deepened the schism between Judaism with Christian-Jewish. The Christian community in Jerusalem to leave the city on the day before the siege of Jerusalem in 70 AD
Then the angel (Gabriel) calls Zakariya, when he was standing praying in the mihrab (he said): "Verily God encouraging you with the birth of (a son has) Yahya, who confirmed the sentence (which comes) from Allah, a follow-up, refrain (from passions) and a descendant of the Prophet including the pious. "
3. Ali 'Imran 39
And verily We have brought the Book (Torah) to Moses, and we've Following its (row) after that with the apostles, and We gave clear proofs (miracles) to Isa son of Maryam and We strengthen it with the Holy Qudus. Did any come unto you a messenger to bring something (lessons) are not in accordance with your wishes then you boast; then some people (among them) you deny and some people (who else) you kill?
2. Al Baqarah 87
The likeness (creation) Jesus with Allah is as the (creation) of Adam. God created Adam from dust, then God said to him: "Be" (a man), then so be he.
3. Ali 'Imran 59
(Remember) when the angels said: "O Mary, indeed God encouraging you (with the birth of a son who was created) with the sentence (which comes) from Him, his name is the Messiah Isa son of Maryam, of high esteem in the world and the hereafter and including those brought near (to Allah),
3. Ali 'Imran 45.
So the pain of childbirth force it (lean) on the base of the palm tree, he said: "Ah, would that I had died before this, and I became stuff that does not mean, again forgotten."
19. Maryam 23
Then Mary took the child to his people with arms. His people said: "O Mary, ye have done something very unjust.
19. Maryam 27
And because of their unbelief (of Jesus) and their accusations against Mary a big lie (adultery).
4. An-Nisa '156
(Remember) when Allah said: "O Jesus son of Mary, remember My blessing to you and to your mother when I reinforced you with the Purest Spirit. You can talk to the man at the time still in the cradle and when grown, and (remember) in I taught you writing, wisdom, the Torah and the Gospel, and (remember anyway) at a time when you form from the ground (a form) in the form of a bird with my permission, then you blow him, then shape it into a bird (actual) with permission I have. And (remember) when ye healed the blind in the womb of the mother and diseased hairpiece with my permission, and (remember) at the time you remove the dead from the grave (to live) with my permission, and (remember) at the time I was blocking the Children of Israel (from their desire to kill you) at a time when you told them that real proofs, and the unbelievers among them said: "This is nothing but clear sorcery."
5. Al Maa'idah 110
And (remember) when Allah said: "O Jesus son of Mary, is there anything you say to men:" Take me and my mother two gods besides Allah?. "Jesus replied:" Glory to Thee, it is not inappropriate for me to say what I have no right ( say it). If I ever say then surely Thou knowest what is in me and I do not know what that is in thee. Thou Knower of the unseen matter. "
5. Al Maa'idah 116
And We procession right in their footsteps (Prophet Prophet Children of Israel) with Jesus son of Mary, confirming the earlier book, namely: the Torah. And We gave him the Gospel in it (any) and guidance and light (the light), and confirmed the earlier book, namely the Torah. And a guidance and instruction for those who fear Allah.
5. Al Maa'idah 46
Jesus said : "Behold the servant of God, He gave the Book (the Bible) and He made me a prophet.
19. Maryam 30
And when Isa came with the statement he said: "Verily I come unto you with wisdom and to explain to you some of what you are disputing about it, so fear Allah and obey (to) me."
43. Az Zukhruf 63
And (remember) when 'Isa ibn Maryam said: "O Children of Israel, verily I am the messenger of Allah unto you, confirming the book before me, namely the Torah, and gave news excited by the (coming) an Apostle who will come after me, whose name is Ahmad (Muhammad) . " And when the apostle came to them with clear proofs, they said: "This is mere magic."
61. Ash Saff 6
(Remember) when the followers of Jesus said: "O Jesus son of Mary, could lower the dish Lord of heaven to us?." Jesus replied: "Fear Allah, if you really believers."
5. Al Maa'idah 112
Isa son of Maryam said: "Our Lord told us would derive a cuisine from the sky (the day falling) will be a feast to us that the people who were with us and who will come after us, and a sign of Thy power; give us sustenance, and You is giving sustenance that Most Important. "
5. Al Maa'idah 114
O ye who believe, be ye helpers (religion) of Allah, as Isa ibn Maryam had said to the faithful followers: "Who will be the helpers (to establish the religion of) Allah?" Faithful followers said: "We are the helpers of God religion", then a party of the Children of Israel believed and another party disbelieved; then We gave strength to those who believed against their enemies, then they become the people who wins.
61. Ash Saff 14
And when Jesus knew their disavowal (Bani Israelites), he said: "Who will be helpers to (establish the religion) of Allah?" The hawariyyin (loyal friends) said: "We are the helpers (religion) of Allah, we believe in God, and bear witness that we are the ones who have surrendered.
3. Ali 'Imran 52
And (remember) when I inspired the faithful followers of Jesus: "Believe ye in me, and to mine apostles." They answered: We believe and bear witness (O Messenger) that we are indeed people who are obedient (to Allah as Muslims). "
5. Al Maa'idah 111
(Remember) when Allah said: "O Jesus, verily I will deliver you to the end of your time, and raise you to Me, and cleanse you of those who disbelieve and make those who follow you above those who disbelieve until the Day of Resurrection. Then I am only to return, and I shall judge between the things that you always disagree with him. "
3. Ali 'Imran 55
and because of their saying: "Surely we have killed the Messiah, son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah", when they killed him not (also) crucify him, but (they kill is) someone who was likened to them. Those who disagree about (the murder), is really in doubt about who killed it. They do not have a belief about who killed it, except the following conjecture, they do not (also) believe that they killed it was Jesus.
4. An-Nisa '157
But (the fact), God has raised Jesus to him. And Allah is Mighty, Wise.
4. An-Nisa '158
None of the Book, but will believe in him (Jesus) before his death. And on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them.
4. An-Nisa '159
O People of the Book, do not transgress the limits in your religion, nor say of Allah except the truth. Verily Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah and (that was created with) his sentence delivered him to Mary, and (by blowing) spirit from Him. So believe in Allah and His messengers and say not: "(God's) three", stop (the greeting). (It is) better for you. Verily Allah Almighty God, Glory to God than to have children, everything in heaven and on earth belongs to Him. Allah suffices as a Guardian.
4. An-Nisa '171
Actually disbelievers those who say: 'Allah is the Messiah son of Mary ", but the Messiah (himself) said:" O Children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord. " Those who ascribe (something to) Allah, then surely Allah forbid him Paradise, and the place is hell, is not there for people wrong at no helpers.
5. Al Maa'idah 72
Jew of Talmud Babylonia Present Time
After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD as a result of the failure of the Great War the Jewish Sanhedrin in Yavne provide spiritual guidance for the Jews, both in Judea and throughout the diaspora.
Roman authorities took steps to control the rebellious province. Instead of placing a procurator, they put a praetor as governor and also put a full legion, X Fretensis.
However, 40 years later the Jews did attempt to reclaim their independence has been lost. With the disappearance of Palestine, first of all they are trying to build on the commonwealth Hellenism in Cyrene, Cyprus, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. These efforts are carried out firmly, but not wise, and was suppressed by Trajan (115-117).
In 130 AD, Emperor Hadrian visited the ruins of Jerusalem. Emperor who initially sympathized with the Jewish people, promising to rebuild the city, but the Jews felt betrayed when they learned that he intends to rebuild the Jewish holiest city as a metropolis infidel, and a new pagan temple to be built on top of the Second Temple will be dedicated to the god Jupiter.
One additional legion, VI Ferrata, placed in the province to maintain order and work carried out in 131 AD, after the governor of Judea Tineius Rufus perform groundbreaking ceremony Aelia Capitolina, a new name planned for the city. "Undermine the Temple" is a religious offense that makes many Jews fought against Roman rulers. Tensions increased when Hadrian forbade circumcision (brit out), by whom, a Hellenistic fanatic, regarded as a mutilation. A Roman currency issued bearing the Aelia Capitolina in 132 CE.
Messianic Jewish leaders carefully planned to avoid a second mutiny berbagaikesalahan that have plagued the Great Jewish Revolt sixty years earlier. In 132 AD, the Bar Kokhba quickly spread from Modi'in across the region, and cut the guards of Roman troops in Jerusalem.
A sovereign Jewish state is restored for two and a half years after that. Functional civil administration led by Simon Bar Kokhba, who took the title Nasi Israel (ruler or prince of Israel). "Era of the redemption of Israel" was announced, signed contracts and currency printed with the words of appropriate (partially printed on Roman silver currency). Rabbi Akiba led the Sanhedrin. Religious rituals are celebrated and korbanot (submission sacrifice) performed again at the altar. Numerous attempts were made to restore the Temple in Jerusalem.
Rabbi Akiva, a Jewish sage convince the Sanhedrin to support a planned rebellion, and considers the elected leader Simon Bar Kokhba as the Jewish Messiah, according to verses from (the Book of Numbers 24:17: "a rising star of Jacob") " I shall see him, but not now: I shall behold him, but not nigh : there shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel, and shall smite the corners of Moab, and destroy all the children of Sheth. ". Bar Kokhba (Aramaic means "Son of Star").
The rebellion was surprised the Roman people. Hadrian called his general Sextus Julius Severus from Britain, and troops were called even from places as far away as the Danube. The amount of the Roman troops who were deployed to confront the rebels are greater than those led by Titus Flavius sixty years earlier, nanum casualties on the Romans was so great that the generals' reports to the Roman Senate eliminates the usual formula "I and my men hale and hearty. "
This struggle lasted for three years, under Hadrian the same fate had happened to the last and the noble efforts of the Jews of Palestine to regain their independence, until finally demolished in the summer of 135. After the loss of Jerusalem, Bar Kochba and the remnants of his army retreated to the fortress Betar, which then also under siege. A number of rebels were killed there, while others disappear in caves facing the Dead Sea.
Hadrian tried to break out of Judaism, which he viewed as a cause of constant rebellion. He forbade the laws of the Torah, the Jewish calendar and executed Yudaik experts. Sacred scrolls were burned in a ceremony at the Temple Mount. In the former sanctuary of the temple, he placed two statues : one of Jupiter, and another statue of himself. To eliminate any memory of Judea, he removes the name from the map and replace it with the name Palaestina Syria, as a warning that insulting to the Jews in ancient times will enemies, the Philistines, who was already long gone.
Since this period, although there are a number of nonessential movements under Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, and Severus, the Jews in Palestine, which is now the number has been greatly reduced, poor, and lose, lose their dominance in the Jewish world. Jews no longer have a reason to stick to a homeland where the memories of their glorious past only creates a more bitter and shameful about their present, in which Jerusalem, under the name "Aelia Capitolina," a Roman colony , has become a completely pagan city, and the Jews themselves forbidden to enter, with the threat of the death penalty.
Later they were allowed to mourn their disgraceful defeat once a year on Tisha B'Av (see the Western Wall, or 'Wailing Wall'). The Jews remained scattered for nearly two thousand years. After the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492 as a result of the Spanish Inquisition (also on Tisha B'Av), the emerging Ottoman Empire welcomed Jews, and with his conquests into the areas around Palestine in 1517, the Kingdom's , (under Suleiman) began allowing Jews in growing numbers to return to the 'Palestinian'. Jews to rebuild the State of Israel in 1948. Betar became a symbol of Jewish resistance.
Historians now regard the modern Jewish Bar Kokhba War as a decisive historical event. Great destruction and death caused by the insurgency has left many experts set the start time of the Jewish diaspora on this date, rather than a traditional date of the destruction of the Temple in AD 70. They noted that, in contrast to the situation after the revolution that is recorded by Josephus, the majority of the Jewish population in Judea were killed, discarded, or sold into slavery after the Bar Kokhba War and Jewish religious and political leaders with far more brutally oppressed and the total.
After the rebellion, Jewish power switch to the Jewish community of Babylon and its degree. Judea will no longer be the center of religious, cultural, or political life again until the modern Jews, although Jews still lived there, and an important religious developments still going on there. Most important is the tradition Kabalah from the city of Safed, in Galilee.
End of a full revolution of destruction is also causing major changes in Jewish religious thought. Messianism made abstract and provide spiritual, and political thought rabbinic be very cautious and conservative. Talmud, for example, called Bar Kokhba as "Ben Kusiba", a derogatory term used to indicate that he is a false Messiah. The position is highly ambivalent about the rabbinic messianism, as expressed most famous in tulsan Rambam (also known as Maimonides) "Letter to the Yemeni" seems origins in an attempt to cope with the trauma of this failed uprising messianic.
But in the post-rabbinic, Bar Kokhba War became a national symbol of heroic resistance. Betar youth group took its name from the last stronghold of Bar Kochba, and David Ben-Gurion, Israel's first prime minister, took the Hebrew name of one of his generals Bar Kokhba.
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